CYBERSECURITY VULNERABILITIES IN WEARABLE MEDICAL DEVICES: A CROSS-SECTOR ANALYSIS OF RISKS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES USING IRELAND AS A CASE STUDY
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Background: Wearable medical devices (WMDs) have become integral to healthcare delivery, providing continuous health monitoring and improving patient outcomes. However, increasing connectivity and data exchange introduces significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities, raising concerns about data privacy, device integrity, and patient safety. Understanding users’ perception and practices regarding cybersecurity risks in WMDs is essential for mitigating threats and ensuring safe device usage. Aim: This study aimed to assess respondents’ perceptions and practices on cybersecurity risks associated with wearable medical devices. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 108 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The survey collected data on sociodemographics, device usage, perceived vulnerabilities, awareness of cybersecurity risks, and experience of device-related issues. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for associations. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of good cybersecurity perception, with odds ratios and confidence intervals reported. Results: The majority of respondents were aged ≤30 years (64.8%), male (61.1%), and postgraduate degree holders (68.5%). Most respondents (63.9%) reported using wearable medical devices, with 41.7% having used them for 2–3 years. Over half (56.5%) had experienced a technical or data-related issue, predominantly device malfunction (48.1%). While 62% were aware of potential cybersecurity risks, only 15.7% believed wearable devices were secure. Significant associations were found between perception and gender (χ² = 7.115, p = 0.029), occupation (χ² = 21.346, p = 0.006), educational level (χ² = 18.507, p < 0.001), and duration of device usage (χ² = 14.953, p = 0.002). Logistic regression identified educational level and duration of usage as major predictors of perception. Conclusion: The study highlights a high level of awareness of cybersecurity risks but low confidence in device security among users. Technical issues and perceived vulnerabilities, such as weak passwords and lack of software updates, pose significant concerns. Strengthening cybersecurity measures, implementing user education, and enforcing regulatory compliance are essential to mitigate risks and build trust in wearable medical devices.
